Commercial Accounting 商业会计

Assistant accountant

Session 1 － Bank Reconciliation

• Online bank statement
• Bank account transaction in accounting software
• Formal bank reconciliation statement

Session 2 －Balance sheet rec (General Ledge and Sub- Ledge)

• Trade Creditor’s rec between general ledger and sub- ledge
• List of reasons for causing variance
• Adjustment entry

Session 3 －Foreign currency gain or loss

• Accounts for foreign-currency transaction
• Accounting for the realised currency gain of loss
• Accounting for the unrealised currency gain of loss

Session 4 －Fixed Assets Management 

• Fixed asset register and maintenance
• New addition; disposal and transfer
• Fixed asset reconciliation and reporting

Session 5 －Month end Journal processing

• Accruals Journal
• Prepayment Journal
• Inter-company transaction Journal

Management accountant

1 Budgeting:

Session 1 － Sources of relevant data

• Historical data collection
• Adjust historical and forecast data for price movements

Session 2 － Planning and agreeing draft budgets

• The product life cycle and seasonal variation Analysis
• Revenues linear regression analysis and forecast
• Prepare functional budgets (production; raw materials usage and purchases; labour; variable and fixed overheads)
• Calculate simple index numbers for one or more variables
• Draft budgets publish and negotiation

Session 3 － Capital budgeting and discounted cash flows

• Capital investment planning and control case study
• The steps involved in the preparation of a capital expenditure budget
• Explain the distinction between cash flow and profit and the relevance of cash flow to capital investment appraisal
• Calculate nominal and effective interest rates
• Explain and illustrate the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) methods of discounted cash flow
• Calculate NPV; IRR and payback (discounted and non-discounted)

Session 4 － Prepare master budgets (statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position)

• Explain the importance of flexible budgets in control
• ‘What if’ analysis and scenario planning

Session 5 － Budgetary control and reporting

• Calculate simple variances between flexed budget; fixed budget and actual sales; costs and profits
• Potential action to eliminate variances
• Identify controllable and uncontrollable costs
• Example of control reports suitable for presentation to management. (To include recommendation of appropriate control action)